R1, il primo robot per le famiglie

fonte: questo articolo de La Repubblica

R1“Sarà un robot rassicurante e piacevole”. Con queste parole, un anno e mezzo fa, Giorgio Metta annunciava a Repubblica l’inizio di un grande progetto: portare i robot umanoidi nelle case degli italiani. Oggi, sotto il suo coordinamento, quel sogno ha un nome: R1 – your personal humanoid è il primo robot sviluppato a basso costo, concepito per raggiungere il mercato di massa. Un team di 32 ricercatori e designer dell’Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), polo d’eccellenza in Italia e nel mondo, sono riusciti nell’intento di creare un umanoide al costo di una tv di ultima generazione. E per completare l’obiettivo manca solo un passaggio: la produzione in serie. Ma non ci vorrà molto, al massimo 18 mesi e lo vedremo scorrazzare in giro per il mondo.

Un tuttofare con rotelle. R1 sarà un amico fidato che ci aiuterà nelle faccende domestiche o nel lavoro da ufficio. Lo vedremo in hotel dietro il banco della reception o in ospedale in aiuto di infermiere e caposala nella gestione di cartelle e dati. All’inizio gli dovremo insegnare tutto: dalla planimetria dell’ambiente alla collocazione degli oggetti. Ma in poco tempo sarà in grado di muoversi in autonomia, riconoscendo ambienti, volti e voci e compiendo azioni al posto nostro. Come fare un caffè o prendere il telecomando al posto nostro, senza farci alzare dal divano.
R1 body“Noi ci siamo spremuti le meningi per abbattere i costi mantenendo alta la qualità. – spiega Metta – Abbiamo cercato di rendere il tutto meno dispendioso utilizzando materiali economici, come polimeri e plastiche, che richiedono processi produttivi meno costosi rispetto a quelli tradizionali”. Il prezzo finale dipenderà da quanti robot verranno costruiti. “Per i primi 100 prototipi abbiamo individuato un target di prezzo che si aggira sui 25mila euro. Superata questa soglia, il prezzo inizierà a scendere e continuerà a calare man mano che diventerà un prodotto di consumo. La fascia, più o meno finale, di prezzo sarà di 3mila euro, quanto il costo di un moderno televisore al plasma”.

I precedenti. R1 è il risultato di un lungo percorso di sperimentazione e ricerca che raccoglie la conoscenza acquisita dai ricercatori con la creazione di altri robot, in particolare di iCub: l’umanoide costruito per gli studi sull’intelligenza artificiale, oggi presente in tutto il mondo con 30 prototipi. Rispetto a lui e agli altri umanoidi in circolazione, però, le differenze sono tante: “iCub è un prodotto di ricerca in cui il prezzo non era importante. R1 invece è un tentativo di approcciare il mercato di massa in cui il prezzo diventa questione fondamentale”, spiega Giorgio Metta.

R1 armE anche con il famoso robot umanoide Pepper, che da poco è stato adottato sulle navi da crociera, il confronto non regge perché R1 ha il dono della presa. In Pepper le mani servono solo per indicare o fare dei gesti ma non per compiere azioni. Per realizzare R1, invece, i ricercatori si sono concentrati proprio sulla possibilità di farlo interagire con l’esterno attraverso l’uso degli arti superiori, donandogli la capacità di afferrare oggetti, aprire cassetti o porte. Un valore aggiuntivo rispetto alle alternative già esistenti sul mercato, che gli assicurano un posto d’onore tra i tuttofare di casa. Le mani e gli avambracci di R1 sono rivestiti di una pelle artificiale, con sensori che conferiscono al robot il senso del tatto, permettendogli di ‘sentire’ l’interazione con gli oggetti che manipola. Il disegno delle mani è stato semplificato rispetto a quello di iCub per garantire robustezza e costi contenuti, pur consentendo l’esecuzione di semplici operazioni domestiche. Hanno la forma di due guanti a manopola e il polso è sferico, aspetti che gli permettono di sollevare pesi fino a 1,5 kg e chiudere completamente la presa attorno a ciò che afferra, specialmente oggetti cilindrici come bicchieri e bottiglie. Ma non è tutto.

R1 faceAnatomia di un robot. Dalla testa alle rotelle, R1 è un concentrato di tecnologia avanzata. Il volto è uno schermo LED a colori su cui compaiono delle espressioni stilizzate: pochi, semplici tratti per un modo semplice e veloce di comunicare con l’uomo. All’interno, invece, lo schermo ospita i sensori per la visione, due telecamere e uno scanner 3D, quelli per l’equilibrio e per la generazione e percezione del suono. Il corpo è allungabile e ‘snodabile’, con il busto che si estende fino a 140 centimetri e il torso che si torce anche lateralmente. Stesso discorso per gli arti meccanici, che possono guadagnare fino a 13 cm. Nella ‘pancia’, invece, trovano posto tre computer che governano le capacità del robot, dal calcolo al movimento della testa, sino al controllo di tutti i sensori. Una scheda wireless permette al robot di collegarsi alla rete internet, ricavando informazioni utili all’interazione con l’uomo e gli aggiornamenti del software.

La memoria di una vita.
L’idea è che queste macchine diventino il centro di tutta la nostra comunicazione digitale: mantengano l’agenda, ci aiutino a ottimizzare la pianificazione, diventino la nostra interfaccia con altri strumenti di uso quotidiano. “Man mano che il robot starà con noi, inizierà ad avere memoria di tutto ciò che facciamo e che abbiamo fatto insieme. Magari, un giorno, avrà memoria di tutta la nostra vita e gli potrò chiedere di accedere a ricordi, tra foto e video”, conclude Metta. E a questo punto è il caso di dirlo, la rivoluzione sarà entrata in casa.

Osteoarthritis: some hints

sources: Orthopaedic Research Society and PR Newswire

According to WikipediaOsteoarthritis (OA) is a type of joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. The most common symptoms are joint pain and stiffness. Initially, symptoms may occur only following exercise, but over time may become constant. Other symptoms may include joint swelling, decreased range of motion, and when the back is affected weakness or numbness of the arms and legs. The most commonly involved joints are those near the ends of the fingers, at the base of the thumb, neck, lower back, knee, and hips. Joints on one side of the body are often more affected than those on the other. Usually the symptoms come on over years. It can affect work and normal daily activities. Unlike other types of arthritis, only the joints are typically affected.

OAOA affects the entire joint, progressively destroying the articular cartilage, including damage to the bone. Patients suffering from OA have decreased mobility as the disease progresses, eventually requiring a joint replacement since cartilage does not heal or regenerate. According to a 2010 Cleveland Clinic study, OA is the most prevalent form of arthritis in the United States, affecting more than 70% of adults between 55 and 78 years of age (that is, millions of people).

My father was in major pain from his osteoarthritis,” explains Riccardo Gottardi, a scientist at the University of Pittsburgh supported by a Ri.MED Foundation fellowship.  “He was in so much pain that he had to undergo a double hip replacement followed by a knee replacement soon afterwards. I could see the debilitating and disabling effects the disease had on him, as he was restricted in his mobility and never fully recovered even after surgery. This was very different from the person that I knew, who had always been active and never shied away from long hours of work in his life – he just could not do it anymore.

For scientists like Gottardi, a key obstacle in understanding the mechanisms of osteoarthritis and finding drugs that could heal cartilage, is that cartilage does not exist separately from the rest of the body. Cartilage interacts with other tissues of the joint, especially with bone. Bone and cartilage strongly influence each other and this needs to be taken into account when developing new drugs and therapies.

cartilageGottardi and a team of researchers at the Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, led by Dr. Rocky Tuan, have developed a new generation system to produce engineered cartilage, bone and vasculature, organized in the same manner as they are found in the human joint.  This system is able to produce a high number of identical composite tissues starting from human cells. The team will use this system to study the interactions of cartilage with vascularized bone to identify potential treatments for osteoarthritis. The team’s research has two main objectives: to help understand how cartilage interacts with the other joint tissues, especially bone; and to help develop new effective treatments that could stop or even reverse the disease.  Their patent pending system is the first of its kind, and offers a number of advantages including the use of human cells that replicate native tissues. This system more closely matches the effects on humans than standard animal testing could achieve.

The team of scientists is further developing their system to produce tissues composed of more and different cell types that could better replicate the human joint. They have also started a number of collaborations with other research groups and companies that are interested in using the system to investigate other joint diseases and to test their product. “After seeing what my father went through,” says Gottardi, “I decided that I did not want to just watch by working on diagnostics, but rather, I wanted to be able to do something about osteoarthritis and contribute to the improvement of current treatment options.

Gottardi’s work was recently presented at the Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society. Founded in 1954, the Orthopaedic Research Society strives to be the world’s leading forum for the dissemination of new musculoskeletal research findings.

Formation à la chirurgie robotique

source: ce site internet

Academie-nationale-chirurgie-STAN-Institute

Saviez-vous qu’il n’y a aucune obligation légale à se former à la chirurgie robotique ? Autrement dit, n’importe quel chirurgien peut s’assoir à une console de robot da Vinci et opérer. Il n’y a aucune obligation de formation. Prendriez-vous un avion dont le pilote n’a pas de licence de vol ?

Le 13 novembre 2015, un panel d’experts de la chirurgie robotique s’est réuni au sein de l’Académie Nationale de Chirurgie (ANC) pour débattre sur la formation en chirurgie robotique. Les conclusions principales mettent en avant des besoins fondamentaux :

  • Il faut se caler sur le protocole de formation à la chirurgie robotique élaboré par les équipes de Nancy.
  • Il est impératif de prévoir l’arrivée de nouveaux robots.
  • Il n’est pas utile de multiplier les centres de formation, il faut se contenter de quelques centres experts de formation bien équipés en matériel et en personnel et développer les registres.

Les principes conducteurs de la chirurgie moderne assistée par ordinateur, et par conséquent robotique doivent être les suivants :

  • Savoir opérer
  • Connaître les machines utilisées
  • Être convaincu de la nécessité du partenariat avec les industriels
  • Conserver son éthique et son indépendance en évitant tout conflit d’intérêts
  • Justifier scientifiquement les évolutions thérapeutiques choisies pour convaincre les décideurs économiques et défendre les chirurgiens mis en cause par l’intermédiaire de la HAS

La formation en chirurgie robotique assurée actuellement par les industriels n’a pas de base légale. Celui-ci a simplement pour obligation, comme tout fabricant de matériel, d’expliquer son fonctionnement à un acquéreur. Cette formation, trop courte si l’on se réfère aux résultats publiés, ne comporte aucune évaluation des capacités de ces chirurgiens à utiliser le robot. Il est du rôle des sociétés savantes et des universités de contrôler cet enseignement et l’évaluation des équipes utilisatrices de ces nouvelles technologies, en partenariat avec les industriels. La formation en chirurgie robotique peut être assurée soit par des écoles publiques, soit par des écoles privées, en étant conscient de l’importance du coût du matériel nécessaire. Il apparait que ce coût ne peut être assumé par les seules finances des universités et que des partenariats sont nécessaires avec des entreprises privées, pour les écoles publiques.

La chirurgie robotique est mise en œuvre par des chirurgiens et leurs équipes et leur formation comporte 5 volets :

  1. La formation chirurgicale de base relève de toutes les écoles de chirurgie.
  2. La formation élémentaire à l’usage d’un “robot” est commune à toutes les spécialités utilisatrices des robots. Elle est validée par un document attestant de la participation du chirurgien à la formation élémentaire, apprentissage de la machine, des gestes avec des mises en application sur simulateur et sur robot en “dry” et “wet lab”. Cette étape de la formation doit être conclue par une évaluation.
  3. La chirurgie robotique est caractérisée par la distance physique établie entre le chirurgien et le champ opératoire, ainsi que par la disparition de la communication visuelle avec le reste de l’équipe. Une formation des autres membres de l’équipe chirurgicale (team training) est par conséquent indispensable.
  4. La formation clinique spécifique à chaque spécialité se fera dans des centres équipés de “robots” et disposant de “proctors” (“Advanced Courses”).
  5. La chirurgie est un apprentissage permanent qui nécessite un maintien de compétences tout au long de sa pratique. La question de la recertification telle qu’elle est imposée aux pilotes d’avion après une période d’inactivité ou lorsqu’ils n’ont pas une pratique régulière n’existe pas actuellement en Médecine. Il est vraisemblable qu’à l’avenir le développement des simulateurs permettra aux chirurgiens soumis à des situations similaires de rafraîchir ou de maintenir leur technicité.

IEEE BioRob 2014 ( + mini news in italiano)

biorob145th edition of the IEEE/RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob 2014), the biannual conference on theoretical and experimental issues in the fields of robotics and mechatronics applied to medicine and biology. This year the conference will be held in São Paulo on August 12-15, 2014. The conference theme of this edition is “Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics Technology for a World without Borders“. The confluence of all stakeholders engineers, physicians, industry, government, patients, and caregivers will be unique but in line with United Nations 2012 unanimous decision to make healthcare and rehabilitation a human right.

BioRob covers both theoretical and experimental challenges posed by the application of robotics and mechatronics in medicine and biology. The primary focus of Biorobotics is to analyze biological systems from a “biomechatronic” point of view, trying to understand the scientific and engineering principles underlying their extraordinary performance. This profound understanding of how biological systems work, behave and interact can be used for two main objectives: to guide the design and fabrication of novel, high performance bio-inspired machines and systems for many different applications; and to develop novel nano, micro-, macro- devices that can act upon, substitute parts of, and assist human beings in prevention, diagnosis, surgery, prosthetics, rehabilitation and personal assistance. The technical program of IEEE BioRob2014 will consist of invited talks, special sessions, posters, and paper presentations. Papers can cover areas of Biorobotics and Biomechatronics including :

  • Technology for assisted surgery and diagnosis
  • Biomechatronic and human-centered design
  • Micro/nano technologies in medicine and biologylogo
  • Wearable assistive and augmenting devices
  • Biological systems modeling
  • Biologically-inspired systems
  • Rehabilitation and assistive robotics
  • Human-machine interaction
  • Neuro-robotics
  • Prosthetic devices
  • Locomotion and manipulation in robots and biological systems
  • Technology Assessment, Ethical and Social Implications of Biorobotics and Biomechatronics

Important dates :

  • February 28, 2014 – Submission of paper & workshop proposals
  • May 2, 2014 – Paper acceptance notification
  • May 26, 2014 – Final paper submission

***

TGR_liguriae per dare un’occhiata al mondo della robotica a Genova, clicca qui per vedere un breve servizio del TG Regione Liguria del 12 febbraio 2014 (dal minuto 16:40 in poi)

Invisible Motion uncovered by Eulerian Video Magnification

Some weeks ago I read about a really interesting algorithm proposed by a team of scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. I found a really good description of how it works on this website. I simply copy and paste here the very good explanation they give about this amazing achievement 🙂

A 30-second video of a newborn baby shows the infant silently snoozing in its crib, his breathing barely perceptible. But when the video is run through an algorithm that can amplify both movement and color, the baby’s face blinks crimson with each tiny heartbeat. The amplification process is called Eulerian Video Magnification, and is the brainchild of a team of scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory.

The team originally developed the program to monitor neonatal babies without making physical contact. But they quickly learned that the algorithm can be applied to other videos to reveal changes imperceptible to the naked eye. Prof. William T. Freeman, a leader on the team, imagines its use in search and rescue, so that rescuers could tell from a distance if someone trapped on a ledge, say, is still breathing. “Once we amplify these small motions, there’s like a whole new world you can look at”, he said.

The system works by homing in on specific pixels in a video over the course of time. Frame-by-frame, the program identifies minute changes in color and then amplifies them up to 100 times, turning, say, a subtle shift toward pink to a bright crimson. The scientists who developed it believe it could also have applications in industries like manufacturing and oil exploration. For example, a factory technician could film a machine to check for small movements in bolts that might indicate an impending breakdown. In one video presented by the scientists, a stationary crane sits on a construction site, so still it could be a photograph. But once run through the program, the crane appears to sway precariously in the wind, perhaps tipping workers off to a potential hazard. It is important to note that the crane does not actually move as much as the video seems to show. It is the process of motion amplification that gives the crane its movement.

The program originally gained attention last summer when the team presented it at the annual computer graphics conference known as Siggraph in Los Angeles. Since then, the M.I.T. team has improved the algorithm to achieve better quality results, with significant improvements in clarity and accuracy. Michael Rubinstein, a doctoral student and co-author on the project, said that after the presentation and subsequent media coverage, the team was inundated with e-mails inquiring about the availability of the program for uses ranging from health care to lie detection in law enforcement. Some people, says Mr. Rubinstein, inquired about how the program might be used in conjunction with Google’s glasses to see changes in a person’s face while gambling. “People wanted to be able to analyze their opponent during a poker game or blackjack and be able to know whether they’re cheating or not, just by the variation in their heart rate”, he said.

The team posted the code online and made it available to anyone who wanted to download it and run the program. But to do so required some technical expertise because the interface was not simple to use. Last week, Quanta Research Cambridge, a Taiwan-based manufacturer of laptop computers that helped finance the project, provided a way for people to upload video clips to their Web site and to see a video that is run through the program. The project is also financed by the National Science Foundation and Royal Dutch Shell, among others.

The team is also working toward making the program as an app for smartphones. “I want people to look around and see what’s out there in this world of tiny motions”, said Mr. Freeman.

BIODEVICES 2013 : check!

BIODEVICES is part of BIOSTEC, the International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies. The purpose of the International Conference on Biomedical Electronics and Devices is to bring together researchers and practitioners from electronics and mechanical engineering, interested in studying and using models, equipments and materials inspired from biological systems and/or addressing biological requirements. Monitoring devices, instrumentation sensors and systems, biorobotics, micro-nanotechnologies and biomaterials are some of the technologies addressed at this conference.

I’m here (in Barcelona) to present my paper! The conference atmosphere is nice and the presentations are really interesting. I especially like the possibility of having some good exchanges with others researchers working in the same fields of study 🙂

present at this conference!

The world’s most advanced Prosthetic Hand

bebionic3 is the culmination of many years of development and is the most advanced commercially available bionic hand in the world today.

Reliable, speedy and versatile, bebionic3 is a myoelectric prosthetic hand that can be configured to handle almost any everyday life activity. It is designed to be stronger and more durable than other hands available, meaning that it can be worn daily, and withstand the stresses and strains of constant use.

The arm uses some of the most advanced medical technology to date. It consists of two electrodes in a socket, with one connected to the biceps and the other linked to the triceps. Electronic impulses from the muscles and nerve endings create a current, which triggers movement in the hand. So, for example, a biceps tensioning closes the hand while a triceps action opens it again.

Moreover, thanks to the programming software bebalance, which is supplied with every prosthetic hand, bebionic3 can be managed, monitored and configured wirelessly, using smart electronics and easy-to-use flexible interfaces. With bebalance, it is possible to customise everything about bebionic3 quickly and easily. From tweaking grip power and speed, to selecting and ranking the different patterns, it is possible to set up the prosthetic hand to meet the exact desired requirements. Working alongside a clinician, bebalance can also be used as a training aid to assess and develop the patient’s ability to use the device. The clinician will be able to modify the operating thresholds and change signalling features, to ensure that the hand fits the patient’s needs. The software is also available for free download.

The bebionic3 prosthetic hand has been designed to look as real as possible, with a rounded shape and profile that gives the hand a natural appearance, especially when covered with one of the available lifelike silicone skins. Soft and durable, these gloves are easy to remove and clean.

They are available in 19 different lifelike colour shades, but additional detailing on the palms, knuckles, nails and joints can be added in order to enhance the natural appearance of the hand.

When we created bebionic, we wanted to […] transform the lives of amputees worldwide, and help them to regain independence and control in their everyday lives.

Have a look at Nigel Ackland’s experience:

sources: this website and this website

accepted for publication

Title:

Towards a Dynamic Tibial Component for Postoperative Fine-tuning Adjustment of Knee Ligament Imbalance

Authors:

Andrea Collo, Shaban Almouahed, Chafiaa Hamitouche, Philippe Poignet, Eric Stindel

Accepted for Publication at:

BIODEVICES 2013 – 6th International Conference on Biomedical Electronics and Devices (conference official website)

Création d’un plan robotique

Assises de l’industrie 2012 :

Arnaud Montebourg parie sur le

secteur de la robotique

En ouverture de la 3e édition des Assises de l’Industrie consacrée aux “nouvelles frontières de l’industrie”, le ministre du Redressement productif a indiqué que ses équipes travaillaient sur un plan de soutien au secteur de la robotique, avec l’ambition d’en devenir un leader mondial.

Le ministre du redressement productif prononçait le matin du mercredi 17 octobre l’allocution d’ouverture des 3e Assises de l’industrie. A l’instar du plan de soutien au secteur automobile annoncé en juillet dernier, Arnaud Montebourg a indiqué que des dispositifs équivalents seront mis en place pour tous les secteurs, à commencer par celui de la robotique.

“Nous préparons un plan robotique. La France dispose dans ce domaine de compétences remarquables comparables à celles qui existent au Japon. Nous avons des inventeurs de génie mais, avec une atomisation des entreprises, les autres puissances, les autres Etats, viennent piocher dans ce secteur “, a précisé le ministre. Il a mis en avant l’objectif de s’imposer comme un leader dans ce domaine à l’échelle internationale.

Arnaud Montebourg n’a cependant pas précisé quand ce plan robotique serait mis en place“Nos équipes y travaillent”, a-t-il simplement déclaré. Quant à sa force de frappe, il a indiqué “une puissance modeste mais avec des effets décuplés”.

Le ministre a ensuite replacé ce plan dans un programme plus large et répété la volonté du gouvernement de faire son “travail de redémarrage, de mobilisation autour de l’industrie, en collaboration avec ses acteursC’est ce que j’appelle la politique du colbertisme participatif, on travaille ensemble pour reconstruire l’industrie en France”, a ajouté Arnaud Montebourg.

source: L’Usine Nouvelle

Scissor Lift Jack Equations

A scissor lift jack mechanism is a mechanical device used to lift up or down an upper platform. The term “Scissor” comes from the mechanical configuration, which is based on linked, folding supports disposed as a crisscross ‘X’ pattern. The platform displacement motion is achieved applying a force to one of the supports, resulting in an extension of the crossing pattern.

The force applied to extend the scissor mechanism may be hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical (via a lead screw or rack and pinion system). It can be applied at the bottom of the mechanical structure or at its center pin.

Design Equations for Scissor Lift, with force applied at Center Pin:

For a scissor lift that has equal-length arms, it is possible to compute the relationship between the actuation force F and the load force W acting on the mobile platform. This relationship depends on the geometrical parameters of the mechanical structure. Starting from the notes published on this website, I made my own computations trying to fix some sign errors and better explain some notations. Just click on the two images below to open them in their original size. I hope it could sound interesting to somebody facing with such kind of problem 🙂